A CFD model also can be used to simulate the outdoor equipment performance, such as a cooling tower, emergency generator exhaust, etc. The worst scenarios, based on local wind conditions, can be identified. \u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eYt8EVxy7NM","type":"section","children":["eR_e2mZfnc0"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eMLEaQEPyld","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eg3UTMNMESA","content":{"src":{"key":"3iHmAsB-iK","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3iHmAsB-iK.png","ratio":1.221297836938436}},"type":"image","actions":["eMLEaQEPyld"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"e6WwnH2Uc_C","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"e_sQJMENgEd","type":"rectangle","actions":["e6WwnH2Uc_C"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"e_UnLQDwOlA","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURE 2. CFD models, such as 6Sigma, can be used to simulate and analyze the airflow in a data center air-based cooling system.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"e2MPySz4LhI","type":"section","children":["eg3UTMNMESA","e_sQJMENgEd","e_UnLQDwOlA"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eTOXCxdjw8s","content":{"text":"\u003cul >\u003cli >Pipe Stress Modeling software — CAESAR II by HEXAGON is a pipe stress analysis software package that can be used to evaluate the structural integrity of a data center liquid-based cooling system. It can analyze the effects of thermal expansion, seismic activity, and other external forces on the piping system. The software can help engineers design a system that is safe, reliable, and meets industry standards and codes. \u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\u003cp >\u003cbr />Special conditions, such as snow load, must be counted in cold climate zones. With the software, an engineer can identify the type of pipe support anchor needed in a complicated pipe system to satisfy equipment interface requirements (nozzle, pump inlet/outlet, etc.). \u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"e2Or0rVS4jO","type":"section","children":["eTOXCxdjw8s"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"e95mujf96Uy","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eWY9wJJXZIz","content":{"src":{"key":"rgcAonxluE","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/rgcAonxluE.png","ratio":1.30306905370844}},"type":"image","actions":["e95mujf96Uy"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"eeDlubIKzwc","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eRaJx7y7akA","type":"rectangle","actions":["eeDlubIKzwc"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"e8QbOjkrWDp","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURE 3. CAESAR II by HEXAGON is a pipe stress analysis software package that can be used to evaluate the structural integrity of a data center liquid-based cooling system.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"ezfF6cwQk-N","type":"section","children":["eWY9wJJXZIz","eRaJx7y7akA","e8QbOjkrWDp"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"evT9mIhUYVG","content":{"text":"\u003ch2 >Conclusion\u003c/h2>\u003cp >Data center cooling system design is a complex process that requires careful consideration of multiple factors. Software packages, like PipeFlo, 6Sigma CFD, and CAESAR II, can support engineering design and help engineers design an efficient, effective, and safe cooling system. By using these tools, engineers can optimize system performance, reduce energy consumption and operating costs, and ensure the reliable operation of critical equipment.\u003c/p>\u003ch2 >Reference\u003c/h2>\u003cp >1.\tASHRAE 90.4 Energy Standard for Data Centers\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"ebQejEBGuUn","type":"section","children":["evT9mIhUYVG"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"egX95RqgGjf","content":{"text":"\u003ch4 >\u003cstrong >Haigang Brian Li, P.E., CEM, ASHRAE HFDP, LEED AP\u003cbr />\u003c/strong>Haigang B. Li is a senior HVAC mechanical engineer with more than 30 years of experience. He has a master’s degree in mechanical engineering from Temple University. \u003c/h4>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"enTGIaqnaD2","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"ebfj9zb_5CL","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cem >[gogo_b]/[E+] via \u003c/em>\u003ca rel=\"noopener external\" 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