\u003c/li>\u003c/ol>\u003cp >\u003c/p>\u003cp >These four properties can be used to define elegance in building systems, but they miss the ingredient discussed by Banham: integration. This is expressed as the cooperation among systems in the building. In an elegant design, the many systems collaborate in a manner appearing seamless and natural. Perhaps the failure to account for integration falls under unintended consequences. However, the engineer and architect know how the building systems will work together prior to construction. A failure in this respect cannot be an unintended consequence. Consider Figures 2A, 2B, and 3. Both design teams knew an air handler would be installed on the roof, and both buildings are prominent faces for their universities. In Figures 2a and 2b the air handler is placed on the roof in a manner minimizing its appearance from the ground and is clad in an attractive skin. It is nearly transparent from the ground. On the building in Figure 3, the rooftop equipment, as seen from a major highway, is a blight to its appearance. Although this building’s HVAC design may be efficacious, robust, efficient, and with few unforeseen consequences, because it is not integrated into the building’s architecture, the HVAC design is inelegant. \u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eI8iYNsfKv9","type":"section","children":["eQ5yd3mFEIF"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"ecAUhq0U7qK","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eH8rMSRdqks","content":{"src":{"key":"LneZ0PE5LA","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/LneZ0PE5LA.jpg","ratio":1.7184265010351967}},"type":"image","actions":["ecAUhq0U7qK"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"egSXarzhTVC","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"enn2L8URvQ_","type":"rectangle","actions":["egSXarzhTVC"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"emq_SZro7W8","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURES 2A & 2B: In these buildings, the air handlers are placed on the roofs in a manner minimizing their appearance from the ground and are clad in an attractive skin.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp >\u003cem >Images courtesy of HED\u003c/em>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"emOUUI9IhAV","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"esuL6bShdgi","content":{"src":{"url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/rikKmAPnUA.jpg","key":"rikKmAPnUA","ratio":0.7014613778705637}},"type":"image","actions":["emOUUI9IhAV"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"eQt3XY7UP51","type":"section","children":["eH8rMSRdqks","enn2L8URvQ_","emq_SZro7W8","esuL6bShdgi"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"exQnRqlaVGD","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eMF-6o6RgJH","content":{"src":{"url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/TvnlFq0jq3.png","key":"TvnlFq0jq3","ratio":1.702127659574468}},"type":"image","actions":["exQnRqlaVGD"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"eziO-mCQdQr","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eT0Dy2WRWW7","type":"rectangle","actions":["eziO-mCQdQr"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"e7NGVkSlGle","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURE 3. The rooftop equipment on this building, as seen from a major highway, is a blight to its appearance. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp >\u003cem >Image courtesy of Google Maps Street View\u003c/em>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"e-JVG-h9DV1","type":"section","children":["eMF-6o6RgJH","eT0Dy2WRWW7","e7NGVkSlGle"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"emf8dzR8dm_","content":{"text":"\u003cp >These examples demonstrate the importance of systems integration in achieving elegance. Thus, integration is added to Griffin’s list. See Figure 4.\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"e2XJKZfSz2U","type":"section","children":["emf8dzR8dm_"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eYKdKUNaa4C","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eWJ5xgVY0FO","content":{"src":{"key":"VVJ1WwJTpE","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/VVJ1WwJTpE.png","ratio":1.6633663366336633}},"type":"image","actions":["eYKdKUNaa4C"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"edNoZyOltx6","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eL2-QWk2Xvx","type":"rectangle","actions":["edNoZyOltx6"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"eh4CBaR1ubI","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURE 4. The properties of elegance.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp >\u003cem >Image courtesy of John Varley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"elwGIb0N10j","type":"section","children":["eWJ5xgVY0FO","eL2-QWk2Xvx","eh4CBaR1ubI"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"ekbKTA_Ihzl","content":{"text":"\u003cp >Optimizing the five properties starts with the BOD, which is always derived from the owner’s project requirements (OPR). Stum describes the relationship between the BOD and OPR and the formation of both. The OPR is the primary contributor to context for the project. By articulating how the system will be employed and what is expected, this context allows the system to be designed as a coherent idea. Without it, the system will not achieve elegance. Other factors influencing context are the legal requirements and standard-of-care required for the design. If the BOD has properly documented the project requirements by incorporating the OPR, legal requirements, and standard-of-care, the context for the project is understood, and the design has a good chance of finding elegance. In fact, the continued communication of the project’s context through the BOD may be the most important action the design team can take to achieve elegance.\u003c/p>\u003cp >The BOD for an HVAC system includes many inputs but can be narrowed to the following steps:\u003c/p>\u003col >\u003cli >System sizing;\u003c/li>\u003cli >System type/equipment selection;\u003c/li>\u003cli >System layout; and\u003c/li>\u003cli >System control.\u003c/li>\u003c/ol>\u003cp >\u003c/p>\u003cp >To foster elegance in each of these steps requires diligence in applying the context for the project, the right tools to solve the tasks associated with each step and skill in using them, and cognizance of the elements of elegance while performing these tasks. \u003c/p>\u003cp >Sizing the system may seem unrelated to elegance, but the opposite is true. For example, context plays a significant role in how the loads are generated — the set points required by the OPR, the code requirements for energy use, and the standards governing the method of sizing. Further, the building’s architecture and its materiality influence heat transfer between the building and the environment. This perspective needs to be considered when sizing the system. Nevertheless, the most capable engineer cannot properly do this when handicapped by a lack of design tools. With respect to system sizing, this would include excellent thermal load-sizing programs and building energy modeling (BEM) software. In addition, building information modeling (BIM) can streamline communication between the disciplines on the project. With expert use of these tools, the system size can be optimized to positively impact the five elements of elegance. The impact of system sizing on elegance is seen in Figure 5.\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eCyXQTew3PB","type":"section","children":["ekbKTA_Ihzl"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eQmejAbtEqK","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"e9h86Gn0FV2","content":{"src":{"url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/EpmCWtt3dj.png","key":"EpmCWtt3dj","ratio":1.0354938271604939}},"type":"image","actions":["eQmejAbtEqK"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"ePhcjfgo537","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eYEs23Bm1kB","type":"rectangle","actions":["ePhcjfgo537"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"ewcaJyAjyOz","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURE 5. The relationship between the properties of elegance and system size.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp >\u003cem >Image courtesy of John Varley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"erEw5bsBDj2","type":"section","children":["e9h86Gn0FV2","eYEs23Bm1kB","ewcaJyAjyOz"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eYl4_p3y1ZS","content":{"text":"\u003cp >A simple metric for system sizing is “less is more.” As the capacity of the system increases, the opportunities to optimize the properties of elegance diminish. This demonstrates the importance of the engineer and architect in working together to minimize the thermal loads. For instance, a high passive efficiency is accomplished by orienting the building on the site to reduce the solar loads and maximizing the thermal properties of the building envelope to lessen heat transfer. These measures can only be accomplished through extensive coordination between the various disciplines on the project. On the other hand, retrofit projects typically can’t apply these strategies, which is a challenging context for achieving elegance. Yet, even in renovation projects, the team can optimize the building’s thermal performance to minimize the size of the required HVAC systems.\u003c/p>\u003cp >Once the system size is understood, choosing the system is the next challenge. Several decisions must be made to recognize the most elegant system:\u003c/p>\u003col >\u003cli >Equipment location;\u003c/li>\u003cli >Utilities;\u003c/li>\u003cli >Method of air distribution; and\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\">Method of pipe distribution.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003c/ol>\u003cp >\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp >These evaluations have multiple answers, but one of them is the most advantageous in terms of elegance. Therefore, using the best method of selecting among the alternatives in relation to elegance offers the highest probability of choosing the most elegant system. A great tool for this is choosing by advantages (CBA). For example, the equipment may be located on the roof, at grade, or inside the building. Which is the most elegant approach? CBA provides a basis for ranking the decisions by comparing the advantages of each. Table 1 shows an example summary for equipment location. The properties of elegance are used as the factors, and the advantages of each option are ranked with context playing an essential role in their ranking. In this example, integration is deemed the most important factor. The resultant ranking shows locating the equipment inside as the obvious choice. This method can be applied for all decisions. The underlined advantages are the least attractive advantage under the factor. Table 2 shows potential alternatives for each decision. As decisions are made, the available alternatives for other decisions will be narrowed.\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eyiI8C5CRd2","type":"section","children":["eYl4_p3y1ZS"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eJRPzgCSyWk","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eQ7DwJcV4uv","content":{"src":{"url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/v1T664xOiA.png","key":"v1T664xOiA","ratio":2.326259946949602}},"type":"image","actions":["eJRPzgCSyWk"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"eQ_oB03U1ei","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"edatWfemeS0","type":"rectangle","actions":["eQ_oB03U1ei"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"eEuoJnaW6EV","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >TABLE 1. Choosing by Advantages for equipment location.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"exNlP5NJpen","type":"section","children":["eQ7DwJcV4uv","edatWfemeS0","eEuoJnaW6EV"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eVssAvwVhOa","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eDpiWG8ZndH","content":{"src":{"key":"9b1GHIWSpk","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9b1GHIWSpk.png","ratio":1.4498714652956297}},"type":"image","actions":["eVssAvwVhOa"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"e5bxes9pjtf","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eQl86UlkjLx","type":"rectangle","actions":["e5bxes9pjtf"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"er31VGR8GfS","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >TABLE 2. Alternatives for decisions.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"eCHpymH4mVZ","type":"section","children":["eDpiWG8ZndH","eQl86UlkjLx","er31VGR8GfS"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eHZopskASj1","content":{"text":"\u003cp >Once the most elegant equipment location, utilities, and air and pipe distribution methods are understood, the choice of the most elegant system will be obvious.\u003c/p>\u003cp >In the layout of the systems, context must be understood. A classic example is The Centre Pompidou in Paris in which the building mechanical systems are key elements of the building’s aesthetic. How many engineers have a chance to display their skill on such a grand scale?\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"ezSocXwsMh9","type":"section","children":["eHZopskASj1"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"efw8aQw-Zh7","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"e917ujf3EFH","content":{"src":{"url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/m5NMC8kKBS.jpg","key":"m5NMC8kKBS","ratio":1.3345454545454545}},"type":"image","actions":["efw8aQw-Zh7"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"ewcVLY1NCxe","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"e8rVeEW9iBE","type":"rectangle","actions":["ewcVLY1NCxe"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"evCE8aDAlCy","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURE 6. The Centre Pompidou. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp >\u003cem >Image courtesy of Adora Goodenough/Unsplash\u003c/em>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"ed6J8ucDjlc","type":"section","children":["e917ujf3EFH","e8rVeEW9iBE","evCE8aDAlCy"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"exo8ZLieu6q","content":{"text":"\u003cp >On the other hand, retrofit projects may require more subtle techniques. Though exposed in an alley, the condensing units serving interior spaces of the historic building in Brussels, as shown in Figure 7, are hidden from most eyes. Though there may be consequences, such as noise in the spaces near the condensers, this is likely the most elegant solution to conditioning the building.\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eWdo5sgARTT","type":"section","children":["exo8ZLieu6q"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eOB9Wuiamfr","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"etNRhNuQCJb","content":{"src":{"url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/68ZbusyOcO.jpg","key":"68ZbusyOcO","ratio":0.7510917030567685}},"type":"image","actions":["eOB9Wuiamfr"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"eqbg3QXqjiW","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eH6EoRMDQbI","type":"rectangle","actions":["eqbg3QXqjiW"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"eBAlLP9yVjE","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURE 7. Condensing units on an exterior wall. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003cp >\u003cem >Image courtesy of John Varley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"eGxvsTgu2GP","type":"section","children":["etNRhNuQCJb","eH6EoRMDQbI","eBAlLP9yVjE"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"ewlAJYXqXHG","content":{"text":"\u003cp >As in system sizing, “less is more” is a common theme in system layout. In the Pompidou Centre, the bends in duct and pipe appear to be kept to a minimum as well as their diameters and lengths. Excess would be very noticeable. Similarly, the condensing units in the historic building are likely the minimum number required at the minimum capacity needed. This observation correlates to Mathew May’s concept of subtraction as a means of achieving elegance. Subtraction is the art of removing excess from the design. When the properties of elegance are used as guideposts, subtraction always finds the graceful layout — a shorter path, a straighter route, or a simpler method. BIM enables subtraction by allowing the disciplines in the team to concurrently view the project and position systems in a complimentary manner to other assemblies in the building. Unfortunately, subtraction invariably requires design iterations, but this inefficiency in the process is offset by eliminating rework after design reviews and avoiding coordination issues during construction.\u003c/p>\u003cp >“Simplicity carried to an extreme, becomes elegance.” This quote from writer Jon Franklin epitomizes the quest for elegance in HVAC system control. Perhaps the best tool for achieving this is ASHRAE Guideline 36, “High Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems.” This document represents the standard of care for specifying control sequences. Subtraction is another important technique used in the design of controls. Minimizing points and controlled elements lessens complexity and is vital to the performance of the control system. A method for facilitating subtraction is the analysis of the degrees of freedom in the process. The impact of the design of system control on elegance is presented in Figure 8.\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eTsbmZPo0MP","type":"section","children":["ewlAJYXqXHG"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"engoqpEdkMV","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1637072881410,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":0.4,"once":true,"translateX":["10%","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutExpo"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eT1Lbp_xvFl","content":{"src":{"url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3kic-m6CyV.png","key":"3kic-m6CyV","ratio":1.0291411042944785}},"type":"image","actions":["engoqpEdkMV"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"eFakkQOuIHx","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1612214680286,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":false,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eEydqY05eUH","type":"rectangle","actions":["eFakkQOuIHx"],"cl":"rectangle"},{"key":"ezis_jBWOO1","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cstrong >FIGURE 8. The relationship between the properties of elegance and controls.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"e0-L9eGKsZG","type":"section","children":["eT1Lbp_xvFl","eEydqY05eUH","ezis_jBWOO1"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eR6VoVoltBC","content":{"text":"\u003cp >In an elegant building, everything works well. It effortlessly manages its functions and delights its occupants and guests. Its HVAC system is typically invisible to its occupants. It’s a system requiring minimal financial capital or physical effort to operate. This doesn’t happen by accident. Elegance results from mindfulness in applying the context for the project, using the right tools to solve the tasks associated with each step, and being cognizant of the properties of elegance while performing these tasks. \u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"e9y04S2QDX9","type":"section","children":["eR6VoVoltBC"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"egciKhcqn9x","content":{"text":"\u003col >\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> Watson, Michael D. and Michael D. Griffin, “System Engineering: The Discipline of Engineering Elegance,” NASA internal paper, November 2013, https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/system_engineering_discipline_22_nov_2013.docx\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> Banham, Reyner, The Architecture of the Well-tempered Environment, Second Edition, The University of Chicago, 1984.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> Griffin, Michael D., “How Do We Fix System Engineering?”, 61st International Astronautical Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, 27 September – 1 October 2010, 1-9.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> Stum, Karl, Design Intent and Basis of Design: Clarification of Terms, Structure, and Use, ASHRAE Transactions, 2000, pp. 1181-1192.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> Varley, John, “Streamline the Modeling Process by Exporting Data Within BIM,” Engineered Systems, 37 (December 2020), 32-37.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> Varley, John and Paz Arroyo, “Choosing by Advantages-Making Sound Decisions to Solve the Pandemic Readiness Puzzle”, Engineered Systems, 38 (October 2021), p.33.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> May, Matthew, In Pursuit of Elegance: Why the Best Ideas Have Something Missing, Doubleday, New York, NY, 2009.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> Franklin, Jonathon, 1986. Writing for Story: Craft Secrets of dramatic nonfiction Non-Fiction, Penguin Publishing Group, New York, N.Y. P. 72.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> ASHRAE, 2018. High-Performance Sequences of Operation for HVAC Systems, ANSI/ASHRAE Guideline 36- 2018.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003cli >\u003cdiv style=\"position:relative\"> Varley, J.O., Degrees of Freedom in HVAC Controls Design, ASHRAE Journal, 57, (June 2015), 44-48.\u003c/div>\u003c/li>\u003c/ol>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eDReq8G09ZO","type":"section","children":["egciKhcqn9x"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eKwyke0gHlI","content":{"text":"\u003ch4 >\u003cstrong >John Varley, P.E., FASHRAE\u003cbr>\u003c/strong>John Varley is the mechanical discipline manager for AAA Engineering in Chicago and has been a professional in the building sciences industry for more than 35 years. He is a Fellow of ASHRAE and received its Distinguished Service Award in 2018. Published in the ASHRAE Journal, ASHRAE Transactions, The International Journal of HVAC&R Research, and Engineered Systems, he holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the University of Akron and a master’s degree in chemical engineering from Cleveland State University.\u003c/h4>"},"type":"text","cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eX1sa3z2ZY6","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657206618963,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.6,"delay":0.7,"once":true,"translateX":["-30px","0"],"preset":"slideInLeft","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"esSqpSOTOID","content":{"text":"\u003cp >\u003cem >[Getty Images Plus] via \u003c/em>\u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener external\" href=\"\" >\u003cem >Getty Images\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","actions":["eX1sa3z2ZY6"],"cl":"text p-_Js1xJSc"},{"key":"eKxeiI8kKDE","content":{"src":{"key":"9zLMHwcia8","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9zLMHwcia8.png","ratio":1}},"type":"image","cl":"image"},{"key":"e88PnKXqpYG","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1608217389567,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.3,"once":true,"translateY":["6%","0"],"preset":"slide","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1608217389567,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.3,"once":true,"translateY":["6%","0"],"preset":"slide","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1608217389567,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":1,"delay":0.3,"once":true,"translateY":["6%","0"],"preset":"slide","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuart"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eVolg5cHKQE","type":"section","actions":["e88PnKXqpYG"],"children":["eKwyke0gHlI","esSqpSOTOID","eKxeiI8kKDE"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"eHevKbuseSq","content":{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pKEO3CF_5i-"}},"type":"external-link","cl":"external-link"},{"key":"e9qfqWa0Nv9","content":{"text":"\u003cdiv>\u003cp >Table Of Contents\u003c/p>\u003c/div>"},"type":"text","actions":["eHevKbuseSq"],"cl":"text"},{"key":"ei59ezfS6mS","content":{"text":"\u003cp >December 2022\u003c/p>"},"type":"text","cl":"text"},{"key":"ehG0ODDEu07","content":{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pQ_tSND9zxs"}},"type":"external-link","cl":"external-link"},{"key":"eegzhXr1XN7","content":{"src":"4fH1Di577"},"type":"image","actions":["ehG0ODDEu07"],"cl":"image"},{"key":"eU09DDjlLTw","type":"section","children":["e9qfqWa0Nv9","ei59ezfS6mS","eegzhXr1XN7"],"cl":"section"},{"key":"pEIKezLqFsI","children":["eHdvHPKNzAF","egl13IeyB9B","ekg1xRNnoBH","etWRvM2e56B","er5dqC_Q53l","eByDrI667o4","eI8iYNsfKv9","eQt3XY7UP51","e-JVG-h9DV1","e2XJKZfSz2U","elwGIb0N10j","eCyXQTew3PB","erEw5bsBDj2","eyiI8C5CRd2","exNlP5NJpen","eCHpymH4mVZ","ezSocXwsMh9","ed6J8ucDjlc","eWdo5sgARTT","eGxvsTgu2GP","eTsbmZPo0MP","e0-L9eGKsZG","e9y04S2QDX9","eDReq8G09ZO","eVolg5cHKQE","eU09DDjlLTw"]},{"key":"eAb3-GroHoj","content":{"menu":"WEb_epwzVM"},"type":"w7Ty9ifjBD","icons":{"left":[192,512,"M192 127.338v257.324c0 17.818-21.543 26.741-34.142 14.142L29.196 270.142c-7.81-7.81-7.81-20.474 0-28.284l128.662-128.662c12.599-12.6 34.142-3.676 34.142 14.142z"],"right":[192,512,"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z"]},"cl":"w7Ty9ifjBD"},{"key":"eRgA_lSpqfx","content":{"time":0.5},"type":"wdu2rjhi","cl":"wdu2rjhi"},{"key":"eDnkgmGFdd1","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"HoverAnimation":{"duration":0.5,"delay":0,"background":{"a":0.17,"b":245,"r":224,"g":239},"preset":"bgColor","event":"bot","easing":"easeOutQuart"},"trigger":"Load","updated":1605886820624,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":3,"preset":"fadeIn","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuad"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"HoverAnimation":{"duration":0.5,"delay":0,"background":{"a":0.17,"r":224,"b":245,"g":239},"preset":"bgColor","event":"bot","easing":"easeOutQuart"},"trigger":"Load","updated":1605886820624,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":3,"preset":"fadeIn","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuad"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"HoverAnimation":{"duration":0.5,"delay":0,"background":{"a":0.17,"r":224,"b":245,"g":239},"preset":"bgColor","event":"bot","easing":"easeOutQuart"},"trigger":"Load","updated":1605886820624,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.9,"delay":3,"preset":"fadeIn","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuad"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"e0IkELhoaN-","content":{"shapeId":"sp4g88JfB"},"type":"shape","actions":["eRgA_lSpqfx","eDnkgmGFdd1"],"cl":"shape"},{"key":"eaprDDsOtLk","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1626382220593,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.3,"delay":2,"preset":"fadeIn","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuad"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1626382220593,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.3,"delay":2,"preset":"fadeIn","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuad"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1626382220593,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.3,"delay":2,"preset":"fadeIn","opacity":[0,1],"easing":"easeOutQuad"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eZeXC-wwvds","content":{"linkUrl":"","adCreative":null,"ioDetailID":null,"adSize":"Cover Sponsor","showElement":{"image":{"type":2,"value":{"bucket":"cdn.vev.design","path":"private/pK53XiUzGnRFw1uPeFta7gdedx22/5NMtHY-S4k_Rotation-256.png.png","name":"Rotation-256.png","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/private/pK53XiUzGnRFw1uPeFta7gdedx22/5NMtHY-S4k_Rotation-256.png.png"}},"name":"sponsored by BOX","page":"pQ_tSND9zxs","pageName":"Cover","key":"e8W3avyxO5M"},"advertiserName":""},"type":"whFspJafhvC","actions":["eaprDDsOtLk"],"icons":{"close":[448,512,"M400 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-54.4 289.1c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17L306 377.6c-4.7 4.7-12.3 4.7-17 0L224 312l-65.1 65.6c-4.7 4.7-12.3 4.7-17 0L102.4 338c-4.7-4.7-4.7-12.3 0-17l65.6-65-65.6-65.1c-4.7-4.7-4.7-12.3 0-17l39.6-39.6c4.7-4.7 12.3-4.7 17 0l65 65.7 65.1-65.6c4.7-4.7 12.3-4.7 17 0l39.6 39.6c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17L280 256l65.6 65.1z"]},"cl":"whFspJafhvC"},{"key":"e9izUwqkWdv","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"HoverAnimation":{"duration":0.2,"delay":0,"scale":1.1,"preset":"scaleUp","easing":"easeInOutQuad"},"trigger":"Hover","updated":1657211010804}},"desktop":{"params":{"HoverAnimation":{"duration":0.2,"delay":0,"scale":1.1,"preset":"scaleUp","easing":"easeInOutQuad"},"trigger":"Hover","updated":1657211010804}},"mobile":{"params":{"HoverAnimation":{"duration":0.2,"delay":0,"scale":1.1,"preset":"scaleUp","easing":"easeInOutQuad"},"trigger":"Hover","updated":1657211010804}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eYld9f2tyN_","content":{"pageMenu":"WEb_epwzVM"},"type":"w1br1l0lsu-u06","actions":["e9izUwqkWdv"],"icons":{"menu":[448,512,"M442 114H6a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V84a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h436a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v24a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm0 160H6a6 6 0 0 1-6-6v-24a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h436a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v24a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm0 160H6a6 6 0 0 1-6-6v-24a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h436a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v24a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z"]},"cl":"w1br1l0lsu-u06"},{"key":"e2bR-OkKZQ_","content":{"cont":{"tablet":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657220664857,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.5,"delay":0,"loop":true,"scale":1.2,"preset":"pulsate","easing":"easeInOutQuad"}}},"desktop":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657220664857,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.5,"delay":0,"loop":true,"scale":1.2,"preset":"pulsate","easing":"easeInOutQuad"}}},"mobile":{"params":{"trigger":"Load","updated":1657220664857,"LoadAnimation":{"duration":0.5,"delay":0,"loop":true,"scale":1.2,"preset":"pulsate","easing":"easeInOutQuad"}}}}},"type":"w75y8u1c","cl":"w75y8u1c"},{"key":"eskKUjiifKv","content":{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"puYDnSmJNxu"},"pageMenu":"WEb_epwzVM"},"type":"external-link","cl":"external-link"},{"key":"eG63I4pKkCc","content":{"shapeId":"Ie6XS5TUx"},"type":"shape","actions":["e2bR-OkKZQ_","eskKUjiifKv"],"cl":"shape"},{"key":"fixed","visibility":{"eZeXC-wwvds":{"pQ_tSND9zxs":true},"eYld9f2tyN_":true,"eG63I4pKkCc":{"pQ_tSND9zxs":true},"e9dYTVXAV5A":true,"eMQH6J-08nL":true,"eNSazsVkBKt":true,"eAb3-GroHoj":{"p-6YJVNWa-6":true,"pAwx3GtZNlO":true,"prREYLPYiWl":true,"pHx3KU0Ot6C":true,"peqGMdL12_E":true,"pPFa_YvniI3":true,"poypSPbN2Cj":true,"pYGmV08-XPI":true,"pvjuS82Ozcp":true,"px76AfowM3l":true,"pzc65mJ-hxV":true,"pHmQhk58oWp":true,"pQV8MJzzfpG":true,"pbBhnGlOQzh":true,"pgbpLRL_rkI":true,"pCOHfOe2AxB":true,"pTpMf0iDPbT":true,"ppv4Rp9phW0":true,"pTpHDtIbuDq":true,"pKLy3e00lzH":true,"pIqVbnAJIkB":true,"p4HMTblCoam":true,"peJ99HFlWS-":true,"pS1GMPgHl8E":true,"phDwC-d1t-f":true,"p59qsupr7uy":true,"p-RPF7MLf78":true,"pcE-0EhU6Xi":true,"pm1225a3r7i":true,"pKEO3CF_5i-":true,"p-8VC492Bu6":true,"puYDnSmJNxu":true,"pMMKRacvacP":true,"pEIKezLqFsI":true,"p5G4wFz0B6A":true,"pIOBeLGK0tA":true,"pFYDdRWSxZd":true,"pnBS-FBPvEN":true},"eJUil1NyZnM":true,"eUV7T8TgoTf":true},"children":["eAb3-GroHoj","e0IkELhoaN-","eZeXC-wwvds","eYld9f2tyN_","eG63I4pKkCc"]}],"pages":[{"key":"p-6YJVNWa-6","title":"Editor's Note","desc":"A few industry observations that could help your firm’s accumulate the paper that matters most: money.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/2m-gq3758u.jpg","path":"editors-note"},{"key":"p-8VC492Bu6","title":"Building Health: A Physician’s View","desc":"Turning down the thermostat will do more than make the payer of the energy bill happy. ","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/gPgUOxzt4K.jpg","path":"building-health-a-physicians-view"},{"key":"p-RPF7MLf78","title":"Caldwell Feature","desc":"Considering the myriad of options available, where does one start in the process of designing and/or installing a building automation system?","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/p-RPF7MLf78/v/0.jpg","path":"caldwell-feature"},{"key":"p4HMTblCoam","title":"Industry News","desc":"Industry news for facility, consulting, and mechanical engineers delivering energy-efficient solutions for high-performance buildings.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3j2S-AfEoF.jpg","path":"industry-news"},{"key":"p59qsupr7uy","title":"Tomorrow's Environment","desc":"The best-case scenario is not college or trade school, it’s actually incorporating both.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/DJFd8VvrEX.jpg","path":"tomorrows-environment"},{"key":"p5G4wFz0B6A","title":"ad- Rheem","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/p5G4wFz0B6A/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--rheem"},{"key":"pAwx3GtZNlO","title":"ad- Lochinvar","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pAwx3GtZNlO/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--lochinvar"},{"key":"pCOHfOe2AxB","title":"ad- Taco","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pCOHfOe2AxB/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--taco"},{"key":"pEIKezLqFsI","title":"Varley Feature","desc":"When systematically applied to design, elegance fosters engineering excellence.","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pEIKezLqFsI/v/0.jpg","path":"varley-feature"},{"key":"pFYDdRWSxZd","title":"ad- Lync-2","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pFYDdRWSxZd/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--lync-2"},{"key":"pHmQhk58oWp","title":"ad- Mitsubishi-WEBINAR","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pHmQhk58oWp/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--mitsubishi-webinar"},{"key":"pHx3KU0Ot6C","title":"Cover Story","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pHx3KU0Ot6C/v/0.jpg","path":"cover-story"},{"key":"pIOBeLGK0tA","title":"Security & Resiliency","desc":"","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/qNRIXBUtIc.jpg","path":"security--resiliency"},{"key":"pIqVbnAJIkB","title":"On the Internet","desc":"A wealth of information and multimedia presentations are available on our website, www.esmagazine.com. Here is a sampling of some of our most recent offerings. ","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/b4msp2pc-r.jpg","path":"on-the-internet"},{"key":"pKEO3CF_5i-","title":"Table of Contents","desc":"The articles and columns included in this month's issue.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/2g177L1n2R.jpg","path":"table-of-contents"},{"key":"pKLy3e00lzH","title":"Commissioning","desc":"After 25 years, this will be my final contribution to Engineered Systems’ Commissioning column.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/BJTOJO3wyw.jpg","path":"commissioning"},{"key":"pMMKRacvacP","title":"Building Automation","desc":"Repetitive tasks become mundane quickly, so here's some free software that can make our lives a bit simpler.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/G0Sj8L3LEe.jpg","path":"building-automation"},{"key":"pPFa_YvniI3","title":"Masthead","desc":"A behind-the-scenes look at the brains responsible for every issue of Engineered Systems magazine. ","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/tfabe4DksX.jpg","path":"masthead"},{"key":"pQV8MJzzfpG","title":"ad-Classifieds","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/Iik-d9hltl.jpg","path":"ad-classifieds"},{"key":"pQ_tSND9zxs","title":"Cover","desc":"The cover of the December 2022 issue of Engineered Systems magazine. ","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pQ_tSND9zxs/v/0.jpg","path":"","index":true},{"key":"pS1GMPgHl8E","title":"ad- Lync1","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pS1GMPgHl8E/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--lync1"},{"key":"pTpHDtIbuDq","title":"ad- ES HOUSE-BOOKSTORE","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pTpHDtIbuDq/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--es-house-bookstore"},{"key":"pTpMf0iDPbT","title":"Hahne Feature","desc":"Passive radiant cooling and heating system designs exploit the properties of all heat transfer modalities for enhanced system efficiency and healthier built environments. ","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pTpMf0iDPbT/v/0.jpg","path":"hahne-feature"},{"key":"pYGmV08-XPI","title":"Products In Focus","desc":"A page of recently released HVACR products that should be on engineers' radars. ","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/po_78l_y2a.jpg","path":"products-in-focus"},{"key":"pbBhnGlOQzh","title":"Case In Point","desc":"BIM allows for upfront coordination among all trades to predetermine conflict and clash resolution before boots ever hit the ground. ","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/i1ai-4vFKy.jpg","path":"case-in-point"},{"key":"pcE-0EhU6Xi","title":"ad-Sourcebook TSI Inc.","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pcE-0EhU6Xi/v/0.jpg","path":"ad-sourcebook-tsi-inc"},{"key":"peJ99HFlWS-","title":"Al Attar Feature","desc":"Providing sustainable indoor environments is a social responsibility that should not be mutually exclusive with proprietary profit margins.","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/peJ99HFlWS-/v/0.jpg","path":"al-attar-feature"},{"key":"peqGMdL12_E","title":"ad-Sourcebook Premium Sponsorships","desc":"","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/zEgXeieXqR.jpg","path":"ad-sourcebook-premium-sponsorships"},{"key":"pgbpLRL_rkI","title":"ad-Sourcebook Thermo-Cycler Industries Inc.","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pgbpLRL_rkI/v/0.jpg","path":"ad-sourcebook-thermo-cycler-industries-inc"},{"key":"phDwC-d1t-f","title":"ad-Sourcebook Belimo Aircontrols (USA), Inc.","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/phDwC-d1t-f/v/0.jpg","path":"ad-sourcebook-belimo-aircontrols-usa-inc"},{"key":"pm1225a3r7i","title":"ad- ES HOUSE-EDUCATION","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pm1225a3r7i/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--es-house-education"},{"key":"pnBS-FBPvEN","title":"Ad Index","desc":"The manufacturers who support the production of this month's issue of Engineered Systems magazine.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/R__5idLCPl.jpg","path":"ad-index"},{"key":"poypSPbN2Cj","title":"ad-Sourcebook MSA Safety","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/poypSPbN2Cj/v/0.jpg","path":"ad-sourcebook-msa-safety"},{"key":"ppv4Rp9phW0","title":"From The Factory Floor","desc":"Data center free-cooling system components, such as air-to-water heat exchangers, are subject to the possibility of corrosion, which can lead to significant efficiency and availability issues.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/nDp0WkHoBt.jpg","path":"from-the-factory-floor"},{"key":"prREYLPYiWl","title":"eMagazine Navigation Guide","desc":"","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/id3FTJ6FHm.jpg","path":"emagazine-navigation-guide"},{"key":"puYDnSmJNxu","title":"ad- high impact - Rheem","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/puYDnSmJNxu/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--high-impact---rheem"},{"key":"pvjuS82Ozcp","title":"Back 2 Basics","desc":"Howard McKew's long-running, popular column and quiz.","cover":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=628,w=1200,fit=crop/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/RVuStmGdqU.jpg","path":"back-2-basics"},{"key":"px76AfowM3l","title":"ad- ES HOUSE-SOURCEBOOK","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/px76AfowM3l/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--es-house-sourcebook"},{"key":"pzc65mJ-hxV","title":"ad- ES HOUSE-LEARN & EARN","cover":"undefined/image/social/undefined/pzc65mJ-hxV/v/0.jpg","path":"ad--es-house-learn--earn"}],"shapes":{"Ie6XS5TUx":[192,512,"M0 384.662V127.338c0-17.818 21.543-26.741 34.142-14.142l128.662 128.662c7.81 7.81 7.81 20.474 0 28.284L34.142 398.804C21.543 411.404 0 402.48 0 384.662z"],"YZubdGyIV":[256,512,"M119.5 262.9L3.5 145.1c-4.7-4.7-4.7-12.3 0-17l7.1-7.1c4.7-4.7 12.3-4.7 17 0L128 223.3l100.4-102.2c4.7-4.7 12.3-4.7 17 0l7.1 7.1c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17L136.5 263c-4.7 4.6-12.3 4.6-17-.1zm17 128l116-117.8c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.3 0-17l-7.1-7.1c-4.7-4.7-12.3-4.7-17 0L128 351.3 27.6 249.1c-4.7-4.7-12.3-4.7-17 0l-7.1 7.1c-4.7 4.7-4.7 12.3 0 17l116 117.8c4.7 4.6 12.3 4.6 17-.1z"],"_x17N1u_Fj":[256,512,"M119.5 262.9L3.5 145.1c-4.7-4.7-4.7-12.3 0-17l7.1-7.1c4.7-4.7 12.3-4.7 17 0L128 223.3l100.4-102.2c4.7-4.7 12.3-4.7 17 0l7.1 7.1c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17L136.5 263c-4.7 4.6-12.3 4.6-17-.1zm17 128l116-117.8c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.3 0-17l-7.1-7.1c-4.7-4.7-12.3-4.7-17 0L128 351.3 27.6 249.1c-4.7-4.7-12.3-4.7-17 0l-7.1 7.1c-4.7 4.7-4.7 12.3 0 17l116 117.8c4.7 4.6 12.3 4.6 17-.1z"],"sp4g88JfB":[256,512,"M136.5 249.1l116 117.8c4.7 4.7 4.7 12.3 0 17l-7.1 7.1c-4.7 4.7-12.3 4.7-17 0L128 288.7 27.6 390.9c-4.7 4.7-12.3 4.7-17 0l-7.1-7.1c-4.7-4.7-4.7-12.3 0-17l116-117.8c4.7-4.6 12.3-4.6 17 .1zm-17-128L3.5 238.9c-4.7 4.7-4.7 12.3 0 17l7.1 7.1c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0L128 160.7l100.4 102.2c4.7 4.7 12.3 4.7 17 0l7.1-7.1c4.7-4.7 4.7-12.3 0-17L136.5 121c-4.7-4.6-12.3-4.6-17 .1z"]},"images":{"3QaLNTYAmL":{"meta":{"width":3029,"height":3883,"description":"Head, Organ, Human, Rectangle"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=1920/private/dGfp5o6mCvamSl03ciyX2avEXmC2/image/3QaLNTYAmL.jpg","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=320/private/dGfp5o6mCvamSl03ciyX2avEXmC2/image/3QaLNTYAmL.jpg",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=640/private/dGfp5o6mCvamSl03ciyX2avEXmC2/image/3QaLNTYAmL.jpg",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=960/private/dGfp5o6mCvamSl03ciyX2avEXmC2/image/3QaLNTYAmL.jpg",960],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=1280/private/dGfp5o6mCvamSl03ciyX2avEXmC2/image/3QaLNTYAmL.jpg",1280],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=2560/private/dGfp5o6mCvamSl03ciyX2avEXmC2/image/3QaLNTYAmL.jpg",2560]]},"3kic-m6CyV":{"meta":{"width":1342,"height":1304,"description":"Font"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3kic-m6CyV.png","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3kic-m6CyV.png",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3kic-m6CyV.png",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=960/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3kic-m6CyV.png",960],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=1280/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3kic-m6CyV.png",1280],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/3kic-m6CyV.png",1342]]},"4fH1Di577":{"meta":{"description":"Text, Font"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/images/4fH1Di577/2100.png","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/images/4fH1Di577/500.png",500],["https://cdn.vev.design/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/images/4fH1Di577/2100.png",1080],["https://cdn.vev.design/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/images/4fH1Di577/2100.png",1600],["https://cdn.vev.design/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/images/4fH1Di577/2100.png",2100]]},"68ZbusyOcO":{"meta":{"width":344,"height":458,"description":"Building"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/68ZbusyOcO.jpg","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/68ZbusyOcO.jpg",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/68ZbusyOcO.jpg",458]]},"9b1GHIWSpk":{"meta":{"width":1128,"height":778},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9b1GHIWSpk.png","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9b1GHIWSpk.png",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9b1GHIWSpk.png",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=960/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9b1GHIWSpk.png",960],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9b1GHIWSpk.png",1128]]},"9zLMHwcia8":{"meta":{"width":900,"description":"Smile, Eyebrow, Product, Jaw, Sleeve, Rectangle, Gesture, Collar","height":900},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9zLMHwcia8.png","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9zLMHwcia8.png",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/9zLMHwcia8.png",640]]},"EpmCWtt3dj":{"meta":{"width":1342,"height":1296},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/EpmCWtt3dj.png","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/EpmCWtt3dj.png",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/EpmCWtt3dj.png",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=960/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/EpmCWtt3dj.png",960],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=1280/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/EpmCWtt3dj.png",1280],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/EpmCWtt3dj.png",1342]]},"LneZ0PE5LA":{"meta":{"width":830,"height":483,"description":"Automotive parking light, Motor vehicle, Tire, Wheel, Car, Window, Sky, Building, Tree"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/LneZ0PE5LA.jpg","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/LneZ0PE5LA.jpg",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/LneZ0PE5LA.jpg",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/LneZ0PE5LA.jpg",830]]},"TvnlFq0jq3":{"meta":{"width":480,"height":282},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/TvnlFq0jq3.png","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/TvnlFq0jq3.png",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/TvnlFq0jq3.png",480]]},"VVJ1WwJTpE":{"meta":{"width":1680,"height":1010,"description":"Font, Line"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/VVJ1WwJTpE.png","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/VVJ1WwJTpE.png",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/VVJ1WwJTpE.png",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=960/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/VVJ1WwJTpE.png",960],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=1280/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/VVJ1WwJTpE.png",1280],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/VVJ1WwJTpE.png",1680]]},"l660Rr0mE7":{"meta":{"width":485,"height":647,"description":"Atmospheric phenomenon, Sky, Daytime, Temple"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/l660Rr0mE7.jpg","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/l660Rr0mE7.jpg",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/l660Rr0mE7.jpg",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/l660Rr0mE7.jpg",647]]},"m5NMC8kKBS":{"meta":{"width":734,"height":550,"description":"Tower block, Urban design, Sky, Building, Blue, Cloud, World, Condominium"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/m5NMC8kKBS.jpg","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/m5NMC8kKBS.jpg",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/m5NMC8kKBS.jpg",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/m5NMC8kKBS.jpg",734]]},"rikKmAPnUA":{"meta":{"width":336,"height":479,"description":"Urban design, Tower block, Cloud, Building, Daytime, Sky, Window, Plant, Condominium, Neighbourhood"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/rikKmAPnUA.jpg","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,h=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/rikKmAPnUA.jpg",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/rikKmAPnUA.jpg",479]]},"v1T664xOiA":{"meta":{"width":877,"height":377,"description":"Product, Rectangle, Font"},"src":"https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/v1T664xOiA.png","srcset":[["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=320/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/v1T664xOiA.png",320],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82,w=640/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/v1T664xOiA.png",640],["https://cdn.vev.design/cdn-cgi/image/f=auto,q=82/private/KaxzywoIf0Rx41JdO6oEbX8EsUI3/image/v1T664xOiA.png",877]]}},"pkg":{"text":"basic","section":"basic","rectangle":"basic","frame":"basic","image":"basic","w75y8u1c":"basic","shape":"basic","external-link":"basic","w1bn5r0s80-1477":"p8vPJJ1MbCI","circle":"basic","whFspJafhvC":"enfxfhXZ-6","w1br1l0lsu-u06":"pgxSSDpDPRe","w7Ty9ifjBD":"pEIMfUpQ6oy","wdu2rjhi":"pWZZK88Bj0M"},"menus":{"WEb_epwzVM":{"title":"pdf","children":[{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pQ_tSND9zxs"},"title":"Cover","key":"7Mk3ppTZyw"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"puYDnSmJNxu"},"title":"ad- high impact - Rheem","key":"9MRInWFUxB"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pKEO3CF_5i-"},"title":"Table of Contents","key":"wsSOOSCE6P"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pFYDdRWSxZd"},"title":"ad-Lync-2","key":"R1So4D0Xqi"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pnBS-FBPvEN"},"title":"Ad Index","key":"YcEa-52h-x"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pAwx3GtZNlO"},"title":"ad- Lochinvar","key":"d6mVbDyIlj"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"p-6YJVNWa-6"},"title":"Editor's Note","key":"JRK8Vo0rej"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pCOHfOe2AxB"},"title":"ad- Taco","key":"S4AtSofV_x"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"p4HMTblCoam"},"title":"Industry News","key":"x4lFLPH4XR"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pIqVbnAJIkB"},"title":"On the Internet","key":"Ssz1l9FT_W"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pvjuS82Ozcp"},"title":"Back 2 Basics","key":"tT9kXEIa9S"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pbBhnGlOQzh"},"title":"Case In Point","key":"fNCTqHUzSg"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pHmQhk58oWp"},"title":"ad- Mitsubishi-WEBINAR","key":"D5XMUmM2fR"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pKLy3e00lzH"},"title":"Commissioning","key":"wKY6uEi9zJ"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"p5G4wFz0B6A"},"title":"ad-Rheem","key":"Kd2x6BSaDc"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"p-8VC492Bu6"},"title":"Building Health: A Physician’s View","key":"_iR6XlYQm7"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pS1GMPgHl8E"},"title":"ad- Lync1","key":"u1cIXERqbQ"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pMMKRacvacP"},"title":"Building Automation","key":"kE5EHAjYTe"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pEIKezLqFsI"},"title":"Varley Feature","key":"g5JcBVOrAE"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pTpHDtIbuDq"},"title":"ad- ES HOUSE-BOOKSTORE","key":"H2Fvus64B3"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"p-RPF7MLf78"},"title":"Caldwell Feature","key":"yqbLRlgtgw"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pm1225a3r7i"},"title":"ad- ES HOUSE-EDUCATION","key":"1JvDKRRGyC"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pTpMf0iDPbT"},"title":"Hahne Feature","key":"pYVQjRVSAw"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pzc65mJ-hxV"},"title":"ad- ES HOUSE-LEARN & EARN","key":"OEtCwKAqTJ"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"peJ99HFlWS-"},"title":"Al Attar Feature","key":"Ux9gJG74Cu"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"px76AfowM3l"},"title":"ad- ES HOUSE-SOURCEBOOK","key":"0tvte9_Gru"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"ppv4Rp9phW0"},"title":"From The Factory Floor","key":"qEzK2ORiBG"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pQV8MJzzfpG"},"title":"ad-Classifieds","key":"nQvKzsvRvT"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pYGmV08-XPI"},"title":"Products In Focus","key":"cM7p3j5AZB"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"p59qsupr7uy"},"title":"Tomorrow's Environment","key":"WUEBoQbMDp"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"peqGMdL12_E"},"title":"ad-Sourcebook Premium Sponsorships","key":"HU3BmaSOlq"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pPFa_YvniI3"},"title":"Masthead","key":"A60Pww9na1"}],"key":"WEb_epwzVM"},"e6Sb-N9KZH":{"title":"Main menu","children":[{"children":[{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pEIKezLqFsI"},"title":"Varley Feature","key":"u0QK3hT4kz"},{"link":{"mode":1,"widget":{"image":{"type":2,"value":{"bucket":"cdn.vev.design","path":"private/dk3UctceTPWKJtA1g8n4EFqTvuo2/sMCfp44b_view_array-24px.svg.svg","name":"view_array-24px.svg","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/private/dk3UctceTPWKJtA1g8n4EFqTvuo2/sMCfp44b_view_array-24px.svg.svg"}},"name":"Features TOP","page":"pKEO3CF_5i-","pageName":"Table of Contents","key":"eDJhapb6E-_"}},"title":"Features","key":"XzaveSJGfz"},{"link":{"mode":1,"widget":{"image":{"type":2,"value":{"bucket":"cdn.vev.design","path":"private/dk3UctceTPWKJtA1g8n4EFqTvuo2/sMCfp44b_view_array-24px.svg.svg","name":"view_array-24px.svg","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/private/dk3UctceTPWKJtA1g8n4EFqTvuo2/sMCfp44b_view_array-24px.svg.svg"}},"name":"Columns","page":"pKEO3CF_5i-","pageName":"Table of Contents","key":"eteLM03ZPah"}},"title":"Columns","key":"3FgM03AXu_"},{"link":{"mode":1,"widget":{"image":{"type":2,"value":{"bucket":"cdn.vev.design","path":"private/dk3UctceTPWKJtA1g8n4EFqTvuo2/sMCfp44b_view_array-24px.svg.svg","name":"view_array-24px.svg","url":"https://cdn.vev.design/private/dk3UctceTPWKJtA1g8n4EFqTvuo2/sMCfp44b_view_array-24px.svg.svg"}},"name":"depart","page":"pKEO3CF_5i-","pageName":"Table of Contents","key":"eno0rApboVJ"}},"title":"Departments","key":"lgt10O5Jic"}],"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pKEO3CF_5i-"},"title":"Table of Contents","key":"Dy41E102Er"},{"children":[{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"prREYLPYiWl"},"title":"Navigation","key":"bJadQV9odV"},{"link":{"mode":2,"href":"https://www.esmagazine.com/publications/3","target":true},"title":"Archives","key":"q45z95LzE1"},{"link":{"mode":0,"page":"pPFa_YvniI3"},"title":"Masthead","key":"VsLBYvTyUS"},{"link":{"mode":2,"href":"https://www.dropbox.com/s/4wn9utooe8iyuvv/ES-December-2022.pdf?dl=0"},"title":"Download","key":"GJUclbipLB"},{"link":{"mode":2,"href":"https://www.esmagazine.com/"},"title":"esmagazine.com","key":"UnhnqgI4hc"}],"link":{"mode":2},"title":"Help","key":"olgBl92hs8"}],"key":"e6Sb-N9KZH"}},"primaryMenu":"WEb_epwzVM","settings":{"devices":[{"mode":"desktop","minMax":true,"columnWidth":[1024,1024],"canvasSize":[1440,900]},{"mode":"tablet","minMax":true,"columnWidth":[600,600],"canvasSize":[768,1024]},{"mode":"mobile","minMax":true,"columnWidth":[320,320],"canvasSize":[375,667]}]},"masterMode":"desktop"}